Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - Université PSL was founded on a two-fold conviction: first, that innovation and creativity are the only solutions to today's global challenges and second, that the major academic centers across the globe will play a key role in the development of these solutions. Research is at the very heart of PSL's vision. Our researchers and our cutting-edge research centers and laboratories are engaged daily in pioneering bold responses and innovative solutions to the complex challenges of today's world. PSL's academic programs are based on their research and methodology. PSL offers our 16,000 students the opportunity and resources necessary to realize their full potential and give free rein to their creativity. At PSL, academic training goes beyond the simple acquisition of knowledge and expertise; our programs are designed to help students develop critical thinking and to train agile and curious minds , by giving them the intellectual tools they need for a lifetime of excellence. PSL provides a world-class academic environment where disciplines intersect, mutually reinforcing intellectual activities, where basic and applied research go hand-in-hand, and where universities and the corporate world interact. Freedom of thought and entrepreneurship flourish among PSL’s many resources to explore new fields, build innovative curricula, create startups, and disseminate knowledge to the general public.